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Well, there is a technical answer—being that drums as unpitched rhythm instruments are obviously there to keep time, they basically do the “same” thing as a conductor or a metronome—but the “technical” answer—as so often in art—is also the least helpful.
The role of drums can span literally from “there are no drums, ergo no role” to “being the entirety of the music in question”, depending on genre or even just musical piece in question.